Battery Materials
Battery performance is measured at the cell level, but the origins of degradation hide at the atomic scale. We investigate capacity fade and impedance rise in next-generation energy storage materials, including all-solid-state batteries, Na/K-ion batteries, and Ni-rich cathodes. Advanced electron microscopy reveals buried interfaces, ion transport pathways, and the structural changes that govern electrode lifetime. By connecting these observations with electrochemical data, we uncover process–structure–performance relationships and identify routes to better materials.
Detailed Research Topics
All-Solid-State Batteries (ASSBs)
We study the buried interfaces between solid electrolytes and electrodes — regions that are critical for battery performance but notoriously difficult to characterize. Our work addresses sulfide, halide, and oxide solid electrolytes, focusing on interphase formation, mechanical degradation, and ionic transport pathways at the SEI/CEI. By combining cross-sectional imaging with chemical analysis, we examine how contact geometry and interphase chemistry evolve together. Connecting these local observations with electrochemical response helps distinguish the roles of reaction products, loss of contact, and transport limitations.

Designing the conductive network beneath active particles. Byeon et al., J. Mater. Chem. A (2024), Fig. 3c–f · Paper
Na-ion and K-ion Batteries
We investigate alloying anodes (Sn, Si, Sb) and hard carbon anodes for Na-ion and K-ion systems, elucidating phase transformation sequences, volume expansion-induced stress, and self-limiting diffusion phenomena during charge/discharge cycling.
Our published Sn studies connect reaction-front motion with the diffusion patterns left inside an electrode. Combining real-time observations and cross-sectional analysis allows us to examine how particle dimensions, defects, and reaction-induced stress influence the usable volume of an active material.

Seeing how particle size controls sodium penetration. Byeon et al., Small (2020), Fig. 3 · Paper
High-Nickel Cathode Materials
Degradation of LiNixCoyMnzO2 (NCM) cathodes involves complex interplay between cation mixing, lattice strain, intragranular cracking, and surface reconstruction. We correlate these microstructural changes with electrochemical performance to guide cathode design.
We examine both the interior of active particles and their contacts with surrounding electrode components. Imaging and elemental mapping reveal where cracks open, what species accumulate near them, and how these changes alter the local environment. This perspective links particle design with the chemistry and mechanics of the composite electrode.

Reading the chemistry inside cathode cracks. Scale bars: 200 nm. Lee, Byeon et al., Energy Storage Materials (2023), Fig. 3 · Paper
Synthesis Thermodynamics
We collaborate on understanding and controlling the thermodynamic conditions for solid-state synthesis, enabling predictable formation of target phases for battery materials.
Time-resolved diffraction tracks the intermediate phases that emerge during heating. Comparing these pathways with reaction energies helps identify when thermodynamics can predict the first product and when competing kinetic effects become important, guiding the choice of precursors and synthesis conditions.

Connecting precursor choice with phase formation. Szymanski, Byeon et al., Science Advances (2024), Fig. 2 · Paper
Representative Publications
- Y.-W. Byeon et al., “Conductive carbon embedded beneath cathode active material for longevity of solid-state batteries,” J. Mater. Chem. A (2024)
- Y. Zeng, Y.-W. Byeon et al., “High-entropy mechanism to boost ionic conductivity,” Science (2022)
- Y.-W. Byeon, “Review on interface and interphase issues in sulfide solid-state electrolytes for all-solid-state Li-metal batteries,” Electrochem (2021)
- Y.-W. Byeon et al., “Effects of cation and anion substitution in KVPO4F for K-ion batteries,” Energy Storage Mater. (2023)
- N. Szymanski, Y.-W. Byeon et al., “Quantifying the regime of thermodynamic control for solid-state reactions,” Science Advances (2024)